The key distinction between virtual and physical cards is that virtual cards only exist in digital form, while a physical card is also delivered to you in a plastic form.
Both cards:
Include a card number, CVV code, and expiration date.
Can be used for online shopping.
Can be added to Apple Pay and Google Pay for online and contactless offline payments.
Can be frozen.
Virtual cards:
Are digital, without a plastic form.
Issued within seconds. You can start using those immediately.
Don't have a PIN.
Can be used in stores only when paying with Apple Pay or Google Pay.
Physical cards:
Have a physical plastic form.
It takes time for the card to be printed and sent to your address.
Require setting up a PIN.
Can be used for cash withdrawals in ATMs.
Can be used in stores with a PIN.